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	<title>The Signal Path</title>
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	<link>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs</link>
	<description>An electrical engineering video blog for students, hobbyists and hackers.</description>
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		<title>Experiments and Teardown of an Agilent 11896A Polarization Controller</title>
		<link>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2013/03/17/experiments-and-teardown-of-an-agilent-11896a-polarization-controller/</link>
		<comments>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2013/03/17/experiments-and-teardown-of-an-agilent-11896a-polarization-controller/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 17 Mar 2013 03:23:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Shahriar</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Equipment Review]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Equipment Teardown]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tutorial]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/?p=609</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this episode Shahriar demonstrates the functionality and applications of an Agilent 11896A Polarization Controller. Various fiber optic communication methods are presented. This includes the use of complex modulation schemes (such as PAM and QAM for coherent receivers), polarization division multiplexing (PDM), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and spatial division multiplexing (SDM). The concept of light polarization is [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2013/03/17/experiments-and-teardown-of-an-agilent-11896a-polarization-controller/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>6</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Tutorial on the Design and Characterization of Class-B and AB Amplifiers</title>
		<link>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2013/02/04/tutorial-on-the-design-and-characterization-of-class-b-and-ab-amplifiers/</link>
		<comments>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2013/02/04/tutorial-on-the-design-and-characterization-of-class-b-and-ab-amplifiers/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 Feb 2013 17:13:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Shahriar</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Circuit Design]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/?p=602</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this episode Shahriar continues his investigation of discrete Bipolar amplifier design. The advantages and disadvantages of Class-A amplifiers are explained. The conceptual schematic of a Class-B amplifier is presented which leads to the introduction of Class-AB amplifier circuit to overcome the &#8216;dead-zone&#8217; impairment of a push-pull Class-B design. To further improve the Class-AB amplifier [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2013/02/04/tutorial-on-the-design-and-characterization-of-class-b-and-ab-amplifiers/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>11</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Tutorial and Experiments on Magnetic Levitation</title>
		<link>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2013/01/28/tutorial-and-experiments-on-magnetic-levitation/</link>
		<comments>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2013/01/28/tutorial-and-experiments-on-magnetic-levitation/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Jan 2013 14:42:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Shahriar</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Circuit Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/?p=593</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this episode Shahriar demonstrates one of the simplest magnetic levitation circuits. First, the basic concept of magnetic levitation is examined. Two different methods of detecting the location of the levitating object is presented and the Hall effect sensor method is chosen. A semi-digital overall system is implemented where a PWM control IC is employed [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2013/01/28/tutorial-and-experiments-on-magnetic-levitation/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>6</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Tutorial and Experiments on Energy Harvesting ICs</title>
		<link>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2013/01/03/tutorial-and-experiments-on-energy-harvesting-ics/</link>
		<comments>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2013/01/03/tutorial-and-experiments-on-energy-harvesting-ics/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Jan 2013 19:37:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Shahriar</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Circuit Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tutorial]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/?p=563</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this episode Shahriar investigates some state-of-the-art energy harvesting ICs from Linear Technology. The LTC3105 is a highly efficient 400mA Step-Up DC/DC Converter with Maximum Power Point Control and 250mV Start-Up. After exploring the IC&#8217;s internal block diagram, the evaluation board for this energy harvesting chip is presented. Various experiments, including the calculation of efficiency, maximum power [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2013/01/03/tutorial-and-experiments-on-energy-harvesting-ics/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>11</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Tutorial on the Theory, Design and Characterization of Nyquist Digital to Analog Converters</title>
		<link>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2012/12/10/tutorial-on-the-theory-design-and-characterization-of-nyquist-digital-to-analog-converters/</link>
		<comments>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2012/12/10/tutorial-on-the-theory-design-and-characterization-of-nyquist-digital-to-analog-converters/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 10 Dec 2012 04:45:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Shahriar</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Equipment Review]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/?p=551</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this episode, Shahriar presents the theory, design and characterization of Nyquist Digital to Analog Converters (DACs). After a brief overview of DAC operation and theory, the schematic of an 8-Bit R-2R DAC is presented. The R-2R DAC, which is driven by a dsPIC30F6014A Microchip microcontroller  is capable of producing ramps and arbitrary waveforms uploaded through an [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2012/12/10/tutorial-on-the-theory-design-and-characterization-of-nyquist-digital-to-analog-converters/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>17</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Teardown, Repair and Calibration of a Keithley 220 Programmable Current Source</title>
		<link>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2012/11/26/teardown-repair-and-calibration-of-a-keithley-220-programmable-current-source/</link>
		<comments>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2012/11/26/teardown-repair-and-calibration-of-a-keithley-220-programmable-current-source/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 26 Nov 2012 17:51:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Shahriar</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Equipment Review]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/?p=537</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this episode Shahriar investigates the cause of failure of a Keithley 220 Programmable Current Source. Despite being manufactured in the mid-1980&#8242;s, the Keithley 220 is still a very popular programmable current source. Alongside the repair efforts, the schematic of various analog, digital and power supply boards are also presented. By interpreting the failure mechanism, the fault [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2012/11/26/teardown-repair-and-calibration-of-a-keithley-220-programmable-current-source/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>5</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Teardown and Repair of a Fluke 196B Handheld ScopeMeter</title>
		<link>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2012/11/20/teardown-and-repair-of-a-fluke-196b-handheld-scopemeter/</link>
		<comments>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2012/11/20/teardown-and-repair-of-a-fluke-196b-handheld-scopemeter/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Nov 2012 13:46:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Shahriar</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Equipment Teardown]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Teardown]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tutorial]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/?p=527</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this episode Shahriar goes through the teardown and repair process of a Fluke 196B Handheld ScopeMeter. This unit, which has been purchased as a &#8220;dead&#8221; unit from eBay, is examined for faults. During the teardown, various PCB components, architecture and design is presented. The performance and functionality of the unit is verified with a few brief experiments. [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2012/11/20/teardown-and-repair-of-a-fluke-196b-handheld-scopemeter/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>4</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Rigol DSA1030A-TG3 Spectrum Analyzer Review and Experiments</title>
		<link>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2012/11/19/rigol-dsa1030a-tg3-spectrum-analyzer-review-and-experiments/</link>
		<comments>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2012/11/19/rigol-dsa1030a-tg3-spectrum-analyzer-review-and-experiments/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 19 Nov 2012 04:42:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Shahriar</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Equipment Review]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tutorial]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/?p=499</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this episode Shahriar extensively reviews the Rigol DSA1030A-TG3 Spectrum Analyzer. A wide variety of experiments are performed using the Rigol spectrum analyzer to serve both as a tutorial to use the instrument and to demonstrate its capabilities. Some measurement results are also performed using other calibrated instruments to verify the accuracy of the spectrum [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2012/11/19/rigol-dsa1030a-tg3-spectrum-analyzer-review-and-experiments/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>8</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Teardown and Repair of an HP 8648C Synthesized Signal Generator</title>
		<link>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2012/10/07/teardown-and-repair-of-an-hp-8648c-synthesized-signal-generator/</link>
		<comments>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2012/10/07/teardown-and-repair-of-an-hp-8648c-synthesized-signal-generator/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 07 Oct 2012 12:04:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Shahriar</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Equipment Teardown]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Teardown]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/?p=489</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this episode Shahriar attempts to repair an HP 8648C Synthesized Signal Generator from a dumpster dive. The cause of failure is investigated and traced. Alongside the repair efforts, the internal construction and components of the synthesizer are also presented. Various component teardowns are shown and described including the structure of the VCO used in the generator [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2012/10/07/teardown-and-repair-of-an-hp-8648c-synthesized-signal-generator/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>8</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Tutorial on the Theory, Design and Characterization of a Single Transistor Bipolar Amplifier</title>
		<link>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2012/09/23/tutorial-on-the-theory-design-and-characterization-of-a-single-transistor-bipolar-amplifier/</link>
		<comments>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2012/09/23/tutorial-on-the-theory-design-and-characterization-of-a-single-transistor-bipolar-amplifier/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 23 Sep 2012 03:58:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Shahriar</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Circuit Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Analog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tutorial]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/?p=468</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this episode Shahriar presents a tutorial on the design and characterization of a single-stage low-noise bipolar amplifier suitable for audio applications. Given a set of specifications, a common-emitter topology is investigated. The circuit employs a beta-insensitive biasing scheme which is simultaneously optimized for  maximum output swing. The small-signal gain of the circuit is calculated and the bandwidth is set [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://thesignalpath.com/blogs/2012/09/23/tutorial-on-the-theory-design-and-characterization-of-a-single-transistor-bipolar-amplifier/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>13</slash:comments>
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